home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
- THE DUST-CLOUD HYPOTHESIS
- =========================
-
- The universe contains huge clouds made up of very large amounts of dust
- and gas. About 6,000,000,000 (billion) years ago, one of these clouds
- began to condense. Gravitation--the pull that all objects in the
- universe have for one another--pulled the gas and dust particles
- together. As the dust cloud condensed, it began to spin. It spun
- faster and faster and flattened as it spun. It became shaped like a
- pancake that is thick at the centre and thin at the edges.
-
- The slowly spinning centre condensed to make the sun. But the outer
- parts of the pancake, or disk, were spinning too fast to condense in one
- piece. They broke up into smaller swirls, or eddies, which condensed
- separately to make the planets.
-
- The forming sun and planets were made up mostly of gas. They contained
- much more gas than dust. The earth was far bigger than it is now and
- probably weighed 500 times as much.
-
- The large body of dust and gas forming the sun collapsed rapidly to a
- much smaller size. The pressure that resulted from the collapse caused
- the sun to become very hot and to glow brightly.
-
- The newly born sun began to heat up the swirling eddy of gas and dust
- that was to become the earth. The gas expanded, and some of it flowed
- away into space. The dust that remained behind then collected together
- because of gravity. Although the shrinking earth generated a lot of
- heat, most of this heat was lost into space. Therefore, the original
- earth was most likely solid, not molten.
-
- This hypothesis was developed by a scientest, Harold C. Urey in 1952.
- It is also known as the Urey's hypothesis. He showed that methane,
- ammonia, and water are the stable forms of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen
- if an excess of hydrogen is present. Cosmic dust clouds, from which the
- earth formed, contained a great excess of hydrogen.
-
-
-